Studies Demonstrating Equivalent or Superior Nurse Practitioner Patient Outcomes and High NP Patient Satisfaction

• Aigner, M.J., Drew, S. & Phipps, J. (2004). A comparative study of nursing home resident outcomes between care provided by nurse practitioner/physicians versus physicians only. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 5 (1), 16-23
• Anderson, D. M. and M. B. Hampton (1999). “Physician assistants and nurse practitioners: rural-urban settings and reimbursement for services.” J Rural Health 15(2): 252-63.
• Avorn, J., Everett, D. E., & Baker, M. W. (1991). The neglected medical history and therapeutic choices for abdominal pain. A nationwide study of 799 physicians and nurses. Archives of Internal Medicine, 151 (4), 694-698.
• Barrow, CR. & Graber, RB. (2000). Nurse practitioner care versus physician care: An analysis of recent outcomes research. Advance for Nurse Practitioners, 17-18.
• Barton, A.J., Baramee, J., Sowers, D., & Robertson, K.J. (2003). Articulating the value-added dimension of NP care. The Nurse Practitioner, 28 (12), 34-40.
• Brooten, D., Youngblut, JM., Kutcher, J., & Bobo, C. (2004). Quality and the nursing workforce: APNs, patient outcomes and health care costs. Nursing Outlook, 52 (1), 45-52.
• Brown, S. A. & Grimes, D. E. (1995). A meta-analysis of nurse practitioners and nurse midwives in primary care. Nursing Research, 44 (6), 332-339.
• Clintron, G., Bigas, C., Linares, E., Aranda, J. M., Hernandez, E. (1983). Nurse practitioner role in a chronic congestive heart failure clinic: In-Hospital time, costs, and patient satisfaction. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Critical Care, 12 (3), 237-240.
• Congressional Budget Office (1979). Physician extenders: Their current and future role in medical care delivery. Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
• Cooper, RA. (2001). Health care workforce for the twenty-first century: The impact of nonphysician clinicians. Annual Rev Med, 52, 51-61.
• Cooper, M. A., Lindsay, G. M., Kinn, S., Swann, I. J. (2002). Evaluating emergency nurse practitioner services: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 40 (6).
• Donald, F. C. & McCurdy, C. (2002). Review: nurse practitioner primary care improves patient satisfaction and quality of care with no difference in health outcomes. Evidence-Based Nursing. 5 (4), 121.
• Edmunds, M. (1978). Evaluation of nurse practitioner effectiveness: An overview of the literature. Evaluation and the Health Professions, 1, 69 - 82.
• Ettner, S. L., Kotlerman, J., Abdelmonem, A., Vazirani, S., Hays, R. D., Shapiro, M., Cowan, M. (2006). An alternative approach to reducing the costs of patient care? A controlled trial of the multi-disciplinary doctor-nurse practitioner (MDNP) model. Medical Decision Making, 26, 9-17.
• Feldman, M., Ventura, M., & Crosby, F. (1987). Studies of nurse practitioner effectiveness. Nursing Research, 36(5), 303 Ð 308.
• Grumbach, L., Hart, L. G., Mertz, E., Coffman, J., Palazzo, L. (2003). Who is caring for the underserved? A comparison of primary care physician and nonphysician clinicians in California and Washington. Annals of Family Medicine, 1, 97-104.
• Hooker, R. S., Cipher, D. J., & Skescenski, E. (2005). Patient satisfaction with physician assistant, nurse practitioner, and physician care. A national survey of Medicare beneficiaries. JCOM, 12 (2), 88-92.
• Hooker, R.S. & McCaig, L.F. (2001). Use of physician assistants and nurse practitioners
• in primary care, 1995-1999. Health Affairs, 20(4), 231-238.
• Horrocks, S., Anderson, E., Salisbury, C. (2002). Systematic review of whether nurse practitioners working in primary care can provide equivalent care to doctors. BMJ, 324, 819-823.
• Kinnersley, P., Anderson, E., Parry, K., Clement, J., Archard, L., Turton, P., Stainthorpe, A., et al. (2000). Randomized controlled trial of nurse practitioner vs general practitioner care for patients requesting “same day” consultations in primary care. BMJ, 320, 1043-1048.
• Kleinpell, R. & Gawlinski, A. (2005). Assessing outcomes in Advanced practice nursing practice. AACN Clinical Issues, 16 (1), 43-57.
• Knudtson, N. (2000). Patient satisfaction with nurse practitioner service in a rural setting. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 12 (10), 405-412.
• Larkin, H. (2003). The case for nurse practitioners. Hospitals and Health Networks, August 2003, 54-59.
• Lambing, A.Y., Adams, D.L., Fox, D.H. & Divine, G. (2004). Nurse practitioners and physicians’ care activities and clinical outcomes with an inpatient geriatric population. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 16 (8), 343-352.
• Larochelle, D. (1987). Research studies on nurse practitioners in ambulatory health care: A review 1980 Ð 1985. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 10(3), 65 Ð 75.
• Larrabee, J. H., Ferri, J. A., & Hartig, M. T. (1997). Patient satisfaction with nurse practitioner care. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 11 (5), 9-14.
• Laurent, M., Reeves, D., Hermes, R., Braspenning, J., Grol, R., Sibbald, B. (2006). Substitution of doctors by nurses in primary care. Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, Issue 1.
• Lenz, E. R., Mundinger, M. O., Kane, R. L., Hopkins, S. C., & Lin, S. X. (2004). Primary care outcomes in patients treated by nurse practitioners or physicians: Two year follow-up. Medical Care Research and Review, 61 (3), 332-351.
• Lin, S. X., Hooker, R. S., Lens, E. R., Hopkins, S. C. (2002). Nurse practitioners and physician assistants in hospital outpatient departments, 1997-1999. Nursing Economics, 20 (4), 174-179.
• Litaker, D., Mion,L., Planavsky, L., Kippes, C., Mehta, N. & Frolkis, J. (2003) Physician-nurse practitioner teams in chronic disease management: the impact on costs, clinical effectiveness, and patients’ perception of care. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 17 (3), 223-237.
• Mezey, M. Burger, S.G., Bloom, H.G., Bonner, A., Bourbonniere, M., Bowers, B. Burl, J.B., Capezuti, E., Carter, D., Dimant, J., Jerro, S.A., Reinhard, S.C., & TerMaat, M. (2005) Experts recommend strategies for strengthening the use of advanced practice nurses in nursing homes. Journal of the American Geriatric Society. 53 (10), 1790-1797.
• Moody, N.B., Smith, P.L., & Glenn, L.L. (1999). Client characteristics and practice
• patterns of nurse practitioners and physicians. The Nurse Practitioner, 24(3), 94-103.
• Mundinger, M. O., Kane, R. L., Lenz, E. R., Totten, A. M., Tsai, W. Y., Cleary, P. D., Friedewald, W. T., Siu, A. L., & Shelanski, M. L. (2000). Primary care outcomes in patients treated by nurse practitioners or physicians: A randomized trial. JAMA, 283, (1), 59-68.
• Office of Technology Assessment (1986). Nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and certified nurse midwives: A policy analysis. Washington D. C.: US Government Printing Office.
• Prescott, P. A. & Driscoll, L. (1980). Evaluating nurse practitioner performance. The Nurse Practitioner, 1 (1), 28-32.
• Rhee, K. J., & Dermeyer, A. L. (1995). Patient satisfaction with a nurse practitioner in a university emergency service. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 26 (2), 130-132.
• Roblin, D. W., Becker, R., Adams, E. K., Howard, D. H., & Roberts, M. H. (2004). Patient satisfaction with primary care: Does type of practitioner matter? Medical Care, 42 (6), 579-590.
• Rudy, E.B., Davidson, L.J., Daly, B., Clochesy, J.M., Sereika, S., Baldisseri, M., Hravnak, M., Ross, T. & Ryan, C. (1998). Care activities and outcomes of patients cared for by acute care nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and resident physicians: a comparison. American Journal of Critical Care, 7 (4), 267-281.
• Sacket, D. L., Spitzer, W. O., Gent, M., Roberts, M. (1974). The Burlington randomized trial of the nurse practitioner: Health outcomes of patients. Annals of Internal Medicine, 80 (2), 137-142.
• Safriet, B. J. (1992). Health care dollars and regulatory sense: The role of advanced practice nursing. Yale Journal on Regulation, 9 (2).
• Seale, C., Anderson, E. & Kinnersley, P. (2005). Comparison of GP and nurse practitioner consultations: An observational study. British Journal of General Practice, 55, 938-943.
• Seale, C., Anderson, E., & Kinnersley, P. (2006). Treatment advice in primary care: a comparative study of nurse practitioners and general practitioners. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 54 (5), 534-541.
• Sekscenski, E. S., S. Sansom, et al. (1994). “State practice environments and the supply of physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and certified nurse-midwives.” N Engl J Med 331(19): 1266-71.
• Spitzer, W. O., Sackett, D. L., Sibley, J. C., Roberts, M., Gent, M., Kergin, D. J., Hacket, B. D., & Olynich, A. (1974). The Burlington randomized trial of the nurse practitioner. NEJM, 290 (3), 252-256.
• Sox, H.C. (1979). Quality of patient care by nurse practitioners and physician assistants’: a ten year perspective. Annals of Internal Medicine, 91, 459-468.
• Sullivan-Marx, E. M., M. B. Happ, et al. (2000). “Nurse practitioner services: content and relative work value.” Nursing Outlook, 48 (6), 269-75.
• Sullivan-Marx, E. M. and G. Maislin (2000). “Comparison of nurse practitioner and family physician relative work values.” Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 32 (1), 71-6.
• Venning, P., Durie, A., Roland M., Roberts, C. & Leese B. (2000). Randomised controlled trial comparing cost effectiveness of general practitioners and nurse practitioners in primary care. BMJ, 320, 1048-1053.
• Wardrope, J. & Rothwell, S. (2000). Primary care outcomes in patients treated by nurse practitioners or physicians: A randomized trial. J Accid Emerg Med, 17 (4), 290-291.
• Woods, L. (2006). Evaluating the clinical effectiveness of neonatal nurse practitioners: An exploratory study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 15, 35-44.